Miller’s research focuses primarily on the causes and consequences of nuclear proliferation. Much of it examines the pivotal role of the United States in limiting the spread of nuclear weapons, as well as the historical development of U.S. nonproliferation policy. He also has studied the concept of reactive proliferation or “nuclear domino effects”—both their empirical prevalence and the consequences of policymakers’ belief in the concepts. In addition to working on a book manuscript on U.S. nonproliferation policy, he has an ongoing research project on the relationship between nuclear energy programs and nuclear weapons proliferation.