Training and supervising psychotherapists in VCU's Clinical Psychology Program, in the United States and abroad to treat the persistently (chronically) depressed patient. Served as Principal Investigator in four multi-site clinical trials enrolling over 2,200 chronically depressed outpatients. Major interests include psychotherapy research with CBASP and secondly, conducting diagnostic research with DSM-5 Persistent Depressive Disorder (chronic depressive) unipolar patients.